作为基本在 Linux/Unix 环境下干活的来说，配环境就是家常便饭。
有时你需要把一台机器的环境在另外一台机器重新配置，这就很烦啊…...
使用 apt-clone 包就能备份系统上已安装软件列表
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sudo apt install apt-clone
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新建个文件夹保存备份文件，之后直接开始备份就好了
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mkdir ~/mypackages
sudo apt-clone clone ~/mypackages
not installable: sogoupinyin, atom, lantern version mismatch: libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37, unattended-upgrades, liblouis-data, firefox-locale-en, ubuntu-release-upgrader-core, ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk, gir1.2-webkit2-4.0, update-manager-core, firefox-locale-zh-hans, python3-louis, update-manager, python3-distupgrade, libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18, gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0, python3-update-manager, firefox, liblouis14
Note that you can use --with-dpkg-repack to include those packges in the clone file.
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~/mypackages文件夹下应该有一个名为apt-clone-state-*.tar.gz压缩包
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cd ~/mypackages
tar -xvf apt-clone-state-ubuntu.tar.gz
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解压之后文件夹结构大概如下
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.
├── etc
│ └── apt
│ ├── preferences.d
│ ├── sources.list
│ ├── sources.list.d
│ │ ├── google-chrome.list
│ │ ├── notepadqq-team-ubuntu-notepadqq-bionic.list
│ │ ├── numix-ubuntu-ppa-bionic.list
│ │ ├── sogoupinyin.list
│ │ ├── vscode.list
│ │ └── webupd8team-ubuntu-atom-bionic.list
│ ├── trusted.gpg
│ └── trusted.gpg.d
│ ├── microsoft.gpg
│ ├── notepadqq-team_ubuntu_notepadqq.gpg
│ ├── numix_ubuntu_ppa.gpg
│ ├── sogou-archive-keyring.gpg -> /usr/share/keyrings/sogou-archive-keyring.gpg
│ ├── ubuntu-keyring-2012-archive.gpg
│ ├── ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg
│ └── webupd8team_ubuntu_atom.gpg
└── var
└── lib
└── apt-clone
├── extended_states
├── foreign.pkgs
├── installed.pkgs
└── uname
8 directories, 19 files
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其中 var/lib/apt-clone/installed.pkgs 记录已安装的包，另外 apt-clone 还会备份软件源等其他一些设置。
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# 查看备份包信息
apt-clone info mypackages/apt-clone-state-ubuntu.tar.gz
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使用如下命令在新系统中恢复安装备份的软件包
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sudo apt-clone restore apt-clone-state-ubuntu.tar.gz
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