Django 导出和导入数据

Comments

dumpdata 命令：

它可以用来备份（导出）模型实例或整个数据库

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
./manage.py dumpdata --help
usage: manage.py dumpdata [-h] [--format FORMAT] [--indent INDENT] [--database DATABASE] [-e EXCLUDE] [--natural-foreign] [--natural-primary] [-a] [--pks PRIMARY_KEYS]
                          [-o OUTPUT] [--version] [-v {0,1,2,3}] [--settings SETTINGS] [--pythonpath PYTHONPATH] [--traceback] [--no-color] [--force-color]
                          [app_label[.ModelName] [app_label[.ModelName] ...]]

Output the contents of the database as a fixture of the given format (using each model's default manager unless --all is specified).

positional arguments:
  app_label[.ModelName]
                        Restricts dumped data to the specified app_label or app_label.ModelName.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --format FORMAT       Specifies the output serialization format for fixtures.
  --indent INDENT       Specifies the indent level to use when pretty-printing output.
  --database DATABASE   Nominates a specific database to dump fixtures from. Defaults to the "default" database.
  -e EXCLUDE, --exclude EXCLUDE
                        An app_label or app_label.ModelName to exclude (use multiple --exclude to exclude multiple apps/models).
  --natural-foreign     Use natural foreign keys if they are available.
  --natural-primary     Use natural primary keys if they are available.
  -a, --all             Use Django's base manager to dump all models stored in the database, including those that would otherwise be filtered or modified by a custom manager.
  --pks PRIMARY_KEYS    Only dump objects with given primary keys. Accepts a comma-separated list of keys. This option only works when you specify one model.
  -o OUTPUT, --output OUTPUT
                        Specifies file to which the output is written.
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  -v {0,1,2,3}, --verbosity {0,1,2,3}
                        Verbosity level; 0=minimal output, 1=normal output, 2=verbose output, 3=very verbose output
  --settings SETTINGS   The Python path to a settings module, e.g. "myproject.settings.main". If this isn't provided, the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable will be
                        used.
  --pythonpath PYTHONPATH
                        A directory to add to the Python path, e.g. "/home/djangoprojects/myproject".
  --traceback           Raise on CommandError exceptions
  --no-color            Don't colorize the command output.
  --force-color         Force colorization of the command output.

  • 基础数据库导出

    1
    ./manage.py dumpdata > db.json

    这会导出整个数据库到 db.json

  • 备份指定的 app

    1
    ./manage.py dumpdata admin > admin.json

    这会导出 admin 应用的内容到 admin.json

  • 备份指定的数据表

    1
    ./manage.py dumpdata admin.logentry > logentry.json

    这会导出 admin.logentry 数据表的所有数据

    1
    ./manage.py dumpdata auth.user > user.json

    这会导出 auth.user 数据表的所有数据

  • dumpdata —exclude

    —exclude 选项用来指定无需被导出的 apps/tables

    1
    ./manage.py dumpdata --exclude auth.permission > db.json

    这会导出整个数据库，但不包括 auth.permisson

  • dumpdata —intent

    默认情况，dumpdata 的输出会挤在同一行，可读性很差。使用 —indent 可以设定缩进美化输出

    1
    ./manage.py dumpdata auth.user --indent 2 > user.json
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    [
    {
      "model": "auth.user",
      "pk": 1,
      "fields": {
        "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$150000$i8oET981EnSJ$d2RCpfY76gFHbwUs1HekSK+pOLYMJFcJ1wFcuyf6R28=",
        "last_login": "2020-04-13T09:21:34.639Z",
        "is_superuser": true,
        "username": "xiao",
        "first_name": "",
        "last_name": "",
        "email": "yuechuan.xiao@artosyn.cn",
        "is_staff": true,
        "is_active": true,
        "date_joined": "2020-04-13T08:59:01.310Z",
        "groups": [],
        "user_permissions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "model": "auth.user",
      "pk": 2,
      "fields": {
        "password": "pbkdf2_sha256$150000$PgBKh5sMAE1y$xdFkYi+gprF1v2rlOyw2OOsRn87zSeTVLJ9dGfoXzIw=",
        "last_login": null,
        "is_superuser": true,
        "username": "qa",
        "first_name": "",
        "last_name": "",
        "email": "qa@artosyn.cn",
        "is_staff": true,
        "is_active": true,
        "date_joined": "2020-04-13T08:59:16.279Z",
        "groups": [],
        "user_permissions": []
      }
    }
    ]

  • dumpdata —format

    默认输出格式为 JSON。使用 —format 可以指定输出格式

    • json
    • xml
    • yaml
    1
    ./manage.py dumpdata auth.user --indent 2 --format xml > user.xml

    这会输出 xml 文件

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <django-objects version="1.0">
      <object model="auth.user" pk="1">
        <field name="password" type="CharField">pbkdf2_sha256$150000$i8oET981EnSJ$d2RCpfY76gFHbwUs1HekSK+pOLYMJFcJ1wFcuyf6R28=</field>
        <field name="last_login" type="DateTimeField">2020-04-13T09:21:34.639297+00:00</field>
        <field name="is_superuser" type="BooleanField">True</field>
        <field name="username" type="CharField">xiao</field>
        <field name="first_name" type="CharField"></field>
        <field name="last_name" type="CharField"></field>
        <field name="email" type="CharField">yuechuan.xiao@artosyn.cn</field>
        <field name="is_staff" type="BooleanField">True</field>
        <field name="is_active" type="BooleanField">True</field>
        <field name="date_joined" type="DateTimeField">2020-04-13T08:59:01.310568+00:00</field>
        <field name="groups" rel="ManyToManyRel" to="auth.group"></field>
        <field name="user_permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel" to="auth.permission"></field>
      </object>
      <object model="auth.user" pk="2">
        <field name="password" type="CharField">pbkdf2_sha256$150000$PgBKh5sMAE1y$xdFkYi+gprF1v2rlOyw2OOsRn87zSeTVLJ9dGfoXzIw=</field>
        <field name="last_login" type="DateTimeField"><None></None></field>
        <field name="is_superuser" type="BooleanField">True</field>
        <field name="username" type="CharField">qa</field>
        <field name="first_name" type="CharField"></field>
        <field name="last_name" type="CharField"></field>
        <field name="email" type="CharField">qa@artosyn.cn</field>
        <field name="is_staff" type="BooleanField">True</field>
        <field name="is_active" type="BooleanField">True</field>
        <field name="date_joined" type="DateTimeField">2020-04-13T08:59:16.279788+00:00</field>
        <field name="groups" rel="ManyToManyRel" to="auth.group"></field>
        <field name="user_permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel" to="auth.permission"></field>
      </object>
    </django-objects>

  • loaddata 命令

    用来导入 fixtures（dumpdata 导出的数据）到数据库

    1
    ./manage.py loaddata user.json

    这会导入 user.json 里的内容到数据库

  • 恢复 fresh database

    当你通过 dumpdata 命令备份整个数据库时，它将备份所有数据表。若使用 dump 文件导入到另外的 Django 项目，会导致 IntegrityError。

    可以通过备份时加入选项 —exclude contenttypes 和 auth.permissions 数据表修复此问题

    1
    ./manage.py dumpdata --exclude auth.permission --exclude contenttypes > db.json

    现在再用 loaddata 命令导入 fresh dababase

    1
    ./manage.py loaddata db.json

Yuechuan XiaoDevOps & Automation

个人简介。